صور كاريكاتورية، عبد العاطي الأديرة-تلميذ بثانوية إبن يوسف

حقوقي, جسدي

يعد ّ العنف ضد المرأة تجاوزا صارخا لحقوق الانسان وانتهاكا لكل المواثيق و المعاهدات الدولية وهو اعتداء مباشر على جسد المرأة و روحها و كيانها كإنسان.

و قد عرّفته منظمة الامم المتحدة في الاعلان العالمي للقضاء على العنف ضد المرأةعلى انه " اي فعل عنيف تدفع اليه عصبية الجنس و يترتب عليه او يرجح ان يترتب عليه اي  أذى او معاناة للمرأة سواء كان من الناحية الجنسية او  الجسمانية او النفسية بما ذلك التهديد بأفعال من هذا القبيل او القسر او الحرمان التعسفي ضمن الحرية سواء ذلك في الحياة العامة او الخاصة.

والعنف ظاهرة شائعة قديمة فرضتها منظومة اجتماعية متكاملة بنيت على مجموعة من الافكار و العقائد الموروثة وعملت منذ قرون و
 مازالت تعمل في المجتمعات المتقدمة منها و المختلفة تحت اغطية الاعراف و التصورات الدينية المنغلقة التي تذهب الى ضرورة حماية المرأة باعتبارها كائنا هشا و ضعيفا و انسانا ناقصا عقلا و دينا.

اضافة الى تلك القوالب الجاهزة و الادوار الاجتماعية المتوافق عليها المحددة للرجال و النساء التي تم تكريسها  و تثبيتها عبر اجيال الى ان اصبحت جزءا لا يتجزأ من الممارسات الاعتيادية تجعل من الرجل يثبت و جوده داخل الاسرة و داخل المجتمع و يحقق اسطورة التفوق الذكوري  على الأنثوي فيصبح الايذاء الجسدي و الجنسي و الاغتصاب مبررا من قبل الزوج و الاب و الاخ الاكبر و مشروعا، ففي الحد من حريتها و استقلالها و حرمانها من ابسط حقوقها حفاظ على الدين و الاخلاق و الشرف.

كما ان المرأة تحمّل معظم الاحيان مشاكل لا دخل لها فيها كارتفاع نسبة البطالة و تفكك الاسرة و الاكتظاظ السكاني بدعوى ان خروجها للعمل و مشاركتها في الحياة المهنية سبب رئيسي في اندلاع هاته الظواهر .

و تصنف الاتفاقيات الدولية العنف الى :

-العنف البدني و الجنسي و النفسي الذي يحدث في اطار المجتمع العام و هو عنف مجتمعي تقوم به الافراد خارج نطاق مؤسسات السلطة بما في ذلك الضرب و الاعتداء الجسدي داخل الاسرة و اغتصاب الزوج لزوجته  بالإكراه و الحرمان الاقتصادي للمرأة من زوجها او طليقها او تلك الجرائم المرتكبة بسبب المهر)تحدث في اسيا و افريقيا لعدم مقدرة المرأة دفع المهر) و ختان الاناث و القتل تحت ما يسمى "شرف العائلة "و غيرها من الممارسات التقليدية الشنيعة .

اضافة الى المضايقات الجنسية  التي تتعرض لها المرأة في الاماكن العمومية  فهي  تتعرض أحيانا للضرب في مجال عملها من قبل الرئيس او زملائها و الاهانة و التحقير و التقليل من الاجر او مصادرته في بعض الاحيان وتارة يتم طردها من العمل ان لم يتم استغلال انوثتها.

- العنف البدني و الجنسي و النفسي الذي  ترتكبه هيئات و مؤسسات الدولة الرسمية التي تعطي الاولوية للرجال في تقلد المناصب العليا
 و الاساسية و تحرم المرأة منها عن طريق تمرير قوانين ابوية ذكورية تحمي القائمين بالعنف و تتغاضى عن الممارسات المسلطة ضدها خاصة في الدول الفقيرة المتخلفة التي يسود فيها الاضطهاد و الاستبداد فعنف الدولة هو صورة من عنف المجتمع.

وقد تزايدت ظاهرة العنف ضد المرأة بعد ثورات" الربيع العربي" خاصة الاحداث الواقعة بميدان التحرير خلال مليونيه الذكرى الثانية للثورة المصرية،حيث تعرضت العديد من المتظاهرات الى عمليات تحرش و اغتصاب جماعيالهدف منها هو اخماد صوت المرأة و قهر ارادتها و انتهاك حقها في التظاهر السلمي فانتفضت جميع نساء العالم يوم 13 فيفري 2013 تضامنا مع النساء المصريات في حقهن في التعبير عن الراي بكل حرية.

الا ان الهتافات و الشعارات وحدها لا تكفي لإجهاض ظاهرة العنف ضد المرأة بل تتطلب ضرورة تظافر جميع المؤسسات السياسية و الاجتماعية و نشر ثقافة حقوق الانسان على اساس المساواة بين الجنسين و ضرورة التصديق على كل المعاهدات و الاتفاقيات التي تدين العنف و التمييز فاذا المرأة ارادت يوما الحياة فلا بد  ان يستجيب المجتمع .

سحر العشي

الفرع التونسي لمنظمة العفو الدولية

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Mon Corps, Mes droits

 Du 14 février 2013 et jusqu'au 8 Mars , Amnesty International lance sa nouvelle campagne ‘Mon Corps, Mes droits’ traitant des  droits reproductifs et sexuels des femmes.

    Plus de 300 000 femmes meurent chaque année des complications d’une grossesse ou d’un accouchement – soit une femme toutes les 90 secondes .La plupart de ces décès pourraient être évités. En effet, si les complications sont souvent imprévisibles, elles peuvent être traitées.

La grande majorité des femmes qui meurent ainsi sont pauvres et issues des pays en développement. Dans les pays riches, elles viennent en général de milieux marginalisés ou défavorisés.

Cette situation ne constitue pas seulement une urgence sanitaire : c'est un scandale au regard des droits humains.

    Les femmes ont droit à la vie, mais elles sont nombreuses à mourir à cause de la pauvreté, de l’injustice et des discriminations liées au genre. Les femmes ont également droit au meilleur état de santé physique et mentale susceptible d’être atteint, mais elles se heurtent à des barrières sociales et financières qui les empêchent d’accéder au système de santé. Enfin, les femmes ont le droit de décider du moment de leur grossesse, mais elles n’ont souvent pas accès à la contraception ou aux informations qui leur permettraient de maîtriser leur fécondité.

    La présence de personnel qualifié lors de l’accouchement et des soins obstétricaux d'urgence sont essentiels pour réduire la mortalité maternelle. Mais dans trop d’endroits, les services de santé sont de mauvaise qualité ou tout simplement inaccessibles, en particulier pour les femmes vivant dans la pauvreté et celles qui habitent dans des zones reculées.

     Il incombe aux gouvernements de fournir ces services et  nous incombe à nous tous de demander à ce que cela soit réalisé pour toutes les femmes et jeunes filles à travers le monde.

Rejoignez-nous, signez dès maintenant notre pétition en ligne (disponible en arabe et français) et passez le mot à tous vos ami(e)s pour un maximum de signatures. PLUS GRAND EST LE NOMBRE DE NOS SIGNATURES, PLUS GRANDE EST NOTRE VOIX.

Agissez dès maintenant: amnesty.org/mybodymyrights

VIE DES FEMMES/ DROITS DES FEMMES

Anja Anderson - Amnesty International Morocco

The so-called "Freedom" in Lebanon

       I'll start off my essay by a new Human Rights violation committed by the Lebanese Authorities today, just to put you in contact with the so-called "Freedom" and "Human Rights" situation in Lebanon. 
    Today the Lebanese judiciary has delivered a Syrian dissident officer of the Syrian Authorities, after recognition of the Syrian officer that he belongs to the Free Syrian Army. The Syrian officer "Muhammad Tlass" was arrested and wounded during entering Lebanese territory illegally (which is Legal from Human Rights perspective). “Tlass” was fleeing from the brutality of the Syrian Regime. He didn't want to kill his Syrian brothers and sisters; he refused such orders and decided to come to our so called Democratic Country "LEBANON" seeking help and security… Shame on our Government!!! This officer will face death in Syria as he will be executed because he refused military orders to shoot the innocents, and our Government knows that very well!! Thus the Lebanese Court has neglected "as stipulated in Article III of the Convention against Torture, which requires" not to deport any alien to his country if his life was in danger"... in another word that means, Lebanon has committed a new Human Rights violation during the last 10 years!! A clear image about the Lebanese Democracy!!!!!!

     The Arab spring did not make its way to our broken Lebanon yet, we need that!
Here in Lebanon we do believe that, Lebanon is the only Arab country which is now moving from Democracy to Dictatorship unlike other Arab countries witnessing protests for Freedom. The honest Lebanese people believe that the Syrian Revolution will bring us justice and dignity, as we the Lebanese suffered a lot from that regime, who stole our money and killed our active youths for more than 30 years.

   Yes, we are waiting our Freedom from the Syrian Revolution!! We can't split ourselves from the Syrian situation, that's a fact! The Lebanese government who is now a hand of the filthy Syrian Regime is trying to shut free mouths up by executing active youths whom are working with the Syrian Refugees, the Lebanese authorities have arrested, tortured and killed recently Human Rights activists in Lebanon, those who are easing the sufferings of their Syrian brothers! I do work with those refugees, all what we do is delivering some warm clothes, blankets, toys for the kids and food! Our so-called Democratic Government wont let us do that easily, they hate it, and I believe that's a severe Human Rights violation committed day and night in Lebanon.
    
   The increase of human rights violations in Lebanon has put Lebanon in a narrow place for those who fight Freedom of speech! The Freedom of speech I'm talking about is not that represented by the Hypocrites voices, is not the one represented by Liars who defends the Government, is not the one represented by those who bless the violations committed in Lebanon under any title and try to cover it. Some people will say; “Oh, come on we all know how Lebanon got a lot of Freedom of speech represented by the hundreds of TV channels and NGOs". Yes we do have hundreds of TV channels and NGOs but no single truth being said, media blackout plays a great role in Lebanon.  
 I guess you guys should visit us someday!!

  The year 2012 marked violations of civil liberties, and restrictions on human rights defenders, including: 

- Interrogating lots of activists who work on reporting and monitoring Human Rights violations in the Lebanese prisons against backdrop of reports of torture in Lebanese prisons.

- The claims addressed by the Internal Security Forces for the activists and defenders of the rights of prisoners of Roumyeh prison and charging them of promoting pictures of torture from Roumyeh prison.

- Abductions and arbitrary detentions being committed by the Lebanese Army Intelligence for those who are active concerning the Syrian file, who works on distributing food and helps in providing them with shelters, like what happened few days ago in Ersal village (Bekaa), Akkar (Tripoli), Al-Biri village (West Bekaa) etc....

- Lack of security in Lebanon due to the spread weapon between the  Lebanese people, especially Hezbollah illegal weapon which was used recently in too many ways against Lebanese and Syrian people in Lebanon who supports the Syrian Revolution. Knowing that Hezbollah and its allies got the biggest number of seats in this Government, thus they are ruling it the way Iran wants!

- The Abductions of Syrian activists committed by Hezbollah thugs covered by the Lebanese Government.

- Assassinations that have occurred and are still occurring till now since 2005 after the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, and the government’s shortening concerning the investigations and sometimes covering the actors somehow.

Sure, I'm not going to mention it all. I’m just clearing things and making it obvious to see. WE ARE NOT FREE!! Truth is something hard to be acceptable, but finally it will be raised worldwide.

I demand for a Lebanese Revolution against our Government and against Hezbollah who controls now both security and justice. We are really in need for such movement, we should work on that!

Long Live the REVOLUTION!

Mouaaz Al-Ajami

Beirut, Lebanon

“In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate, dear fellow citizens, my sons and daughters, the youth of Egypt….”

“In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate, dear fellow citizens, my sons and daughters, the youth of Egypt….”

    Whenever this phrase hits my eardrum, I know I don’t have to listen to what’s next because it’s completely expected. Throughout the past two years, the people of Egypt have been listening to the same promises, same useless statements intended to calm them down, and same worthless speeches. It doesn’t make a difference if the country is on fire, if a massacre is going on in Port said and people are getting shot, it is really okay if most of the provinces is unstable and doesn’t matter if roads are blocked by demonstrators or things are out of control in the capital, still, ,the series of the useless speeches must be completed by Morsy’s speech today Sunday 27^th, treating the current situation by bringing back the Emergency law to Port said and Suez as well as setting a curfew in both cities.

    Not only did Mohamed Morsy use the same oppressive way of the old regime but neglected Article 148 in the so called ‘Egyptian constitution’ stating that ‘The President of the Republic shall declare, after consultation with the Cabinet, a state of emergency in the manner regulated by law. Such proclamation must be submitted to House of Representatives within the following seven days if the declaration takes place when the House of Representatives are not in session, a session is called for immediately. In case the House of Representatives is dissolved, the matter shall be submitted to the Shura Council, all within the period specified in the preceding paragraph. The declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a majority of members of each Council. The declaration shall be for a specified period not exceeding six months, which can only be extended by another similar period upon the people’s approval in a public referendum. The House of Representatives cannot be dissolved while a state of emergency is in place.’

    It seems like political stupidity and underestimation of the Egyptian people by their rulers is endless. No one was held accountable for all this killing since the beginning of the revolution until now except the last trial of Port Said massacre where 21 of the accused people were sentenced to death. These people did not include the former head of security in port said nor any of the police officers; however it’s a good step on getting back the right of our martyrs, a step which was preceded by extreme pressure by ULTRAS AHLAWY, blocking roads and bridges, protests everywhere, and followed by a new massacre resulted in the killing of a number of people more than those sentenced to death! A viscous circle that has no end and won’t end until a true faithful leader is found. Until now, it’s only the people that we trust, the youth who sacrifice their souls everyday in the streets while the political elites are on TV, it’s the revolutionists that have been on the streets since the beginning of the revolution until now that we trust, not the remnants of the regime who lately claim to be revolutionists but demonstrate only because of their hatred to the Muslim Brotherhood. It’s true that we are going through very hard days, maybe among the hardest ever, but we will never regret starting the revolution, we will never say Mubarak’s day was better, and it’s good that the Muslim brotherhood came to power so that all the people know their truth, and that it is power that they sake not the sake of the country. We are definitely not against religion, if it got applied in the right way but making use of religion as a mean to reach power is already the first step of losing legitimacy, the legitimacy which Mohamed Morsy has already lost in the eyes of the people and earned losing it through a series of shocking incidents in less than a 6 months interval of reign, including successive train crashes, people getting shot and unfair trials. And yes, we know it! It will take us more lives to remove the current system, more than the lives that were sacrificed before, but it is dignity, equality and freedom that we have been seeking from the beginning and it is what we will get.

    It may be apparent that our blood is cheap, being shattered here and there, but no, our blood is priceless, and it’s the cost of Freedom that we pay. Satisfaction will be reached and the right of the martyrs will be fulfilled only when the country is set free. So it’s either freedom or martyrism!

Doha Naga
Egypte

Immigration rights and reality in the EU

Germany is often cited as a role model for democracy, freedom and the protection of minorities. Yet, what often goes largely unnoticed in the Middle East is the failure of putting laws into practice. A most dramatic illustration is asylum law. Even though the images of overcrowded boats at the coastline of Lampedusa are still burned on people’s retinas, the most appalling cases in Germany have remained behind the scenes.

            In 2010 approximately 50.000 refugees applied for German asylum making Germany the second largest immigration country in the European Union. Its management of asylum flows therefore sets a benchmark for other EU state’s immigration policies.  However, Germany’s struggles to fully live up to Human Rights conventions (EHRC) in terms of managing immigration flows.

            With Serbia’s EU candidacy in 2009 and the dampening of visa regulations, an influx of Serbian refugees to EU-27 states took place. Roma originating from Serbia are the largest group of applicants in Germany that are denied asylum. European boarder control shows rigidity by rejecting 98 percent of applicants. Here, Germany aligns herself with the public vindication that the refugees are fleeing from poverty and therefore are not eligible for asylum. They base their argumentation on the Convention relating to the status of refugees (CRSR). This Convention states that asylum is to be granted only to those who are in humanitarian need or persecuted for their race, religion, nationality, and membership of a particular social group or political opinion. NGO’s like ProAsyl doubt that each application is considered in its own right. The high number of similar applications gave rise to prejudices that have manifested itself systematically. Then again, this blinds the German system to the fact that apart from the inhumane economic conditions of Roma in Serbia, they also frequently face serious harassment by nationalistic groups while police forces fail, or refuse to, give the Roma the needed protection. Therefore, with the planned expulsion of 10.000 Serbians in 2011, Germany breaches the thin line of transgressing international Human Rights conventions.

            Particularly unsettling in a moral and legal sense is the situation of Serbian children refugees in Germany. Of the Serbians seeking asylum in Germany, 40 percent are children. In German asylum law, these children are not entitled to special treatment. This means that they are treated as equals with adults. In other words, they also fall under certain provisions of German immigration regulation that are highly controversial. These include compulsory residence in collective housing camps and restrictions of free movement in the city or state. This flies in the face of the Convention of the Rights of the Child, which stipulates a child’s entitlement to special protection and assistance provided by the state if the child is deprived of his or her family environment (Art 20.1). The evident lack of protective clauses for children in German asylum law strikingly portrays the dark sides of how Germany treats its Asylum seekers. This clear discrepancy between international conventions and German asylum law invokes the principles of the Human Rights conventions to pay attention to this alarming issue.

            The case of asylum seekers in Germany is a point in case for the many serious gaps in European refugee law. Europeans but also the international community need to raise awareness of these fundamental breaches and act upon the calls of international organizations. We need to seal the gaping inconsistency to bring rights and reality closer together. Germany has to put its actions where its mouth is. Only then can Germany constitute a more true and honest example for developing democracies in the Middle East. 

Madita Weise 

Amnesty Netherlands